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This discussion paper presents the approach, findings, and recommendations from a desk review of the qualitative research conducted within Results-Based Financing programs (RBF) under the Health Results Innovations Trust Fund (HRITF). The review included 17 studies conducted in Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, DRC, Ethiopia, Haiti, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The studies reveal a body of high-quality work that is consistent with the RBF framework schemes, supported by political will, resources, and research capacity. Strengthening the added value of qualitative inquiry in on-going and future qualitative studies is possible by small shifts in thinking and practice, in line with a qualitative research paradigm.